A new study shows child tablet and phone use at three years old is associated with a higher number of expressions of anger and frustration just a year later.

Stephanie Nowak, a speech language pathologist at Children’s Hospital of Michigan, says there is no substitute for face-to-face interaction when it comes to helping kids regulate their emotions.

“Screens are so much a part of our culture,” Nowak said. “It’s hard for kids to think of things that are as fun or things they would rather do than play their video games or play on the tablet or watch even a movie. Trying to give some ideas, encouraging both kids and teens as they’re in charge of making some of their own choices for play and parents as well to encourage their kids to be outside, be doing things, be interacting with other people.”

Nowak recommends not using screens as a Band Aid for poor behavior and to try and limit a child’s screen time to under two hours a day.